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    3/27/2008

    马方综合征

    Marfan’s Syndrome是一种先天性结缔组织病变,其特征表现为患者体格细高,四肢及指(趾)细长,称为蜘蛛指(趾),伴有高颧弓,眼晶体脱位,关节松弛以及一系列心脏病和大血管病变。心血管病变主要侵犯主动脉、主动脉瓣和二尖瓣,为致死的主要原因。由于此病很有特征,故可以说是一目了然。马凡氏综合症的主要危害是心血管病变,特别是合并的主动脉瘤,应早期发现、早期治疗。诊断此病的最简单手段是超声心动图,有怀疑者均可行此检查,进一步确诊则需要通过CT或MRI(磁共振显像)。一旦确诊为合并有主动脉瘤或心脏瓣膜关闭不全,则应视情况考虑手术治疗,因为药物是不能去除此病的。

    马方综合征是先天性结缔组织异常最常见的遗传性结缔组织病变,为常染色体显性遗传,其病因系位于第15对染色体上的纤维因子基因(fibrillin gene)的变异,该基因影响原纤维合成,原纤维是微纤维的核蛋白,原纤维与弹性蛋白是弹力纤维系统的主要组成部分。组织病理学的变化为主动脉中层囊状变性,表现为弹力纤维断裂和中层纤维化,导致主动脉壁薄弱、扩张形成菲薄的主动脉瘤。75%~85%的马方综合征病人有主动脉根部扩张,部分伴主动脉瓣关闭不全,1/3的病人伴明显二尖瓣关闭不全。马方综合征已成为主动脉急性夹层动脉瘤的重要原因。马方综合征病人的平均死亡年龄为32岁,多数死亡原因为心血管系统疾病与主动脉根部扩张有关的并发症,约占60%~80%。主动脉破裂、夹层分离及瓣膜疾病引起的心力衰竭是死亡的主要原因。马方综合征是手术的绝对适应证,尤其是升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣严重关闭不全并伴明显临床症状时。术前应严格控制感染,应尽最大可能消灭感染病灶;进行全面肝功能检查,测定凝血酶原时间(PT);全面心电图检查,必要时进行24h动态心电图监测分析,是否存在心律失常并查明原因;准备好术后安放临时心脏起搏器。手术方式:升主动脉与根部置换术,即Bentall手术。马方综合征出现的心血管病变是不可逆的改变,自然预后极差,是造成猝死的主动脉疾病的主要原因,手术可以完全改变这一严重疾病的预后
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